Case Study Of Patient Having Surgery For His Oral Cancer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1796 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Health Essay Type Case study Level High school Tags: Cancer Essay Surgery Essay Did you like this example? In order to prepare my presentation of my topic I applied specific terminology for the period that engages the surgery. Once the patient requires a surgery and it is programmed, it is believed that the patient is within the preoperative period, recognizing reconcile and instant preoperatorive, transoperatorive, anesthetic recuperation and postoperative periods. My study case should highlights the nursing care offered in the primary two stages, i.e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Study Of Patient Having Surgery For His Oral Cancer" essay for you Create order for the duration of the mediate and instant preoperative periods, lengthening from the instant when the surgery is determined for an elective, importance or tragedy surgery until the instant earlier the surgical act, once the patient is seized to the surgery center (Ferri, 2014). The patients interests must be the main purpose of the experts who help the surgery patient for the reason that, in the preoperative stage, they might offer high levels of anxiety, in addition to develop thoughts that might act unhelpfully on their mood, making them susceptible and reliant. It is frequently observed that the stage of stress do not rely on the surgerys extent of complexity, but are linked to propaganda about the surgery events, anesthesia as well as care events to be carried out. When offering care toward pre-surgery patient, the nursing group is accountable for preparing, launching and developing numerous nursing care proceedings in accordance with the details of the surgery. These care dealings, in sequence, are carried out according to specialized facts, so as to meet the requirements originating in the surgical management. This type of care as well includes direction, physical and expressive preparation, evaluation and transport to the surgery center, with an examination to dropping the surgery threat, promoting recuperation and evading postoperative impediments, as these are generally associated to insufficient preoperative arrangements. Considering the exact distinctiveness of the surgery patient, my case study appoints and remarks the significance of efforts to develop nursing care superiority. This type of quality might be attained by using the nursing development applied toward the surgery patient, denominated Perioperative Nursing Care Organization. This initiates in the preoperative stage, when the patient appears at the hospital, and ends 48 hours after the anesthesia-surgery operation (Ferri, 2014). The major objective of this healthcare mold is planning and positioning in practice patient care. For this explanation, the significance of nurses function in the preoperative stage is highlighted. The nurse is answerable for setting up the nursing care offered to surgery patients, concerning their physical and expressive requirements, and as well for orientations regarding the surgery itself and the substantial preparation needed for the surgical interference. My presentation was not developed as planned because there were still shortages regarding the physical, mental and devout preparation of the patient within the preoperative period, that have not been adequately considered in the case study. As a result, it is believed that better superiority and sufficiency must be sought in care deliverance, assessing patients actual necessities with an examination to individualized care, with the contribution of the patient as well as well-supported on hypothetical bases. This is the background where nursing is disputed to recommend superiority healthcare in the preoperative stage. This care might subsequently engage the physical and mental preparation of the patient for the surgery, trying to assist the patient recognize the nursing care to be offered and any potential uneasiness that might result from the care offered, clarifying uncertainties and seeking to respond questions. In this standpoint, case study in this field should presents evidence-based consideration in regards to nursing practice that leads us to consider that nurses struggle towards the aware, explicit and knowledgeable usage of the data derivative from theories and study. These might be used to sustain both healthcare preparation and decision making regarding the care provided. For the majority patients offered to elective surgeries, research in the preoperative stage begins upon admission, as hospitalization take place in the instant preoperative period, i.e. one or two hours before the process. In view of the fact that this period is undersized, there is the require to re-examine the efficiency of the care offered in the preoperative stage and evaluate its execution, so as to confirm whether these care dealings are performed sufficiently or in an automatic, habitually way, far-away from the direct and essential care that must be offered. As a result, care offered to the patient for the duration of the preoperative period must be planned in accordance with the independence of each patient, anchored in scientific verification and strong-minded by patients health position, type of surgical procedure, routine recognized at the organization, time accessible from admittance to surgery and the fastidious needs present (Little, Falace, Miller, Rhodus, 2012). Dur ing next time pre-operative consideration is required prior to the greater part of elective surgical dealings, so as to guarantee that the patient is vigorous to undertake surgery, to emphasize matters that the surgical or anesthetic group needs to be responsive of during the peri-operative stage, and to guarantee patientsprotection during their expedition of care. Additionally, avoidable cancellations or impediments due to unsuitable surgery may be evaded, as well as costs both toward the patient along with health service. Process used Oral cancer which is detected at an early period, before the cancer cells have extent to other areas of the body, is preserved with surgery. We as well carried out oral cancer surgery for patients with progressive-stage and persistent cancers, frequently in combination with radioactivity therapy, chemotherapy or beleaguered therapy. Many surgical techniques are accessible to remove a tumor and reinstate the presence and function of any matters affected by one or the other the cancer or the management. Various oral cancer surgery patients are frequently concerned about mutilation; but current advances within reconstructive surgery suggest that appearances might be restored, from time to time with little or no indication of change. (In Doherty, 2015). Your doctor will function closely with you to certify that your treatment is suitable for your health and welfare. Relying on the period of oral cancer, I applied one or more of the following process. Cancer resection: An operation to eliminate the whole tumor. A number of normal tissues surrounding the cancer are also uninvolved to guarantee that no cancer cells persist in the body. A minor tumor that is effortlessly reached might frequently be removed through the mouth. For cancers that are bigger or harder to spread, an incision might be prepared in the neck or jawbone. Mohs micrographic surgery: This medical oncology process, also recognized as micrographic surgery, might be endorsed for particular cancers of the lip. With this method, a tumor is unconcerned in identical thin slices, with all slices examined under the microscope for the attendance of cancer cells. The process endures until no cancer compartments are seen. This regular approach helps stop the removal of usual tissue in addition to changes in attendance. Full or incomplete mouth (jawbone) resection: Once a tumor has developed into the jawbone, a mandibular resection might be required. In this process, all or portion of the jawbone is uninvolved. If the mandible appears normal in an X-ray and there is no other indication of cancer cells in the extent, formerly just a small portion of the bone might be removed. Conversely, if the X-ray demonstrates cancer in the mandible, formerly the whole bone might require being uninvolved. Glossectomy: This kind of cancer surgery, which includes elimination of the tongue, is used to cure cancers of the tongue. Once a tumor is actual small, simply partial removal may be required. Superior tumors might require removal of the whole tongue. Maxillectomy: This process removes all or portion (fractional maxillectomy) of the hard penchant, the fa? §ade of the roof of the entrance. A superior denture might be created to block the hole formed by this operation. Your doctor might probable state you to a prosthodontics, a focused dentist, who can create a prosthetic tailored toward your exact mouth shape. Laryngectomy: This medical oncology process involves removing the opinion box along with the major tumor. Once a large growth has developed on the tongue or within the oropharynx, it might be necessary to eradicate some tissue which is involved in swallowing to guarantee that all the cancer cells are uninvolved. On account of this process, food might enter the trachea and formerly the lungs, which might cause pneumonia. Once the risk of pneumonia is high, a Laryngectomy might be acclaimed. With this process, the windpipe is committed toward a hole within the skin of the neck for breathing. A Laryngectomy possibly not constantly means losing the capability to talk. In actual fact, there are numerous techniques obtainable to reinstate vocal capabilities subsequently. Neck dissection: This kind of oral cancer surgery is applied to remove lymph protuberances within the neck if cancer has range to this area. Relying on the size and point of cancer in the lymph lumps, different processes are suggested: Partial or discriminatory neck dissection: to eliminate only a small number of lymph nodes Adapted radical neck dissection: to eliminate most lymph lumps on one side of the neck involving the mandible and collarbone, accompanied by some strength and nerve tissue Drastic neck dissection: to eliminate almost entirely lymph nodes on one side, with more widespread elimination of muscle, anxieties, and veins. What is not the suitable method to oral cancer method? In general, various standard methods have been applied for discovery of virulence genes. Within the hospital and research laboratory, cancer examples are sliced into compulsive sections and blemished to regulate the disease pathology category. Quantitative converse transcription-PCR is typically used to recognize the mRNA level of inherited factor in cancer. IHC (immunohistochemical) in addition to western blotting assess the appearance of connected proteins within matters and cells, correspondingly. Conversely, it is hard to analyze genes unnaturally and systematically. Furthermore, particular large-scale tests have been disheartened to screen virulence genes such as microarray, GWAS (genome-wide recommendation study) as well as NGS (next-age group sequencing). The furthermost communal methods are time-consuming and expensive, and therefore new methods need to be explored to identify cancer genes. In current years, with the expansion of computer methods, a number of them might be ap plied to attack this problem. Recently, numerous computational methods have been planned to detect disease genes. A lot of them are anchored in guilt-by-association, i.e., the supposition that genes are comparable toward their neighbors in a gene system. As a result, the neighbors of the disease genes are extra likely to be disease genes. Conversely, these kinds of methods are limited methods that practice only portion of the network. References World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines for safe surgery 2009: Safe surgery saves lives. In Doherty, G. M. (2015). Current diagnosis treatment surgery. Little, J. W., Falace, D., Miller, C., Rhodus, N. L. (2012). Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient. London: Elsevier Health Sciences.

My Personal Growth. This Reflection Paper Will Examine

My Personal Growth This reflection paper will examine my personal growth in this class and planned changes for the near future. This paper will be based on some of the topics discussed in class because I found them most helpful, relevant and educational than the others. These topics are Mindfulness, Emerging Adulthood, Communication, Emotional IQ and Your Purpose/Meaning of Life. From this class, I learned the importance of mindfulness, the aspects of effective interpersonal communication, how to improve my personal emotional IQ and how to contribute to find my purpose or meaning in life. â€Å"Mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally† (Kabat-Zinn 16). The first time I heard†¦show more content†¦Sometimes I found disorientation and confusion about my career choices, personal life and establishing independence. This happens to me and many other people in their twenties because we have little experience at making crucial life decisions and we need to accept more responsibility than before on deciding what to do, where to go and who to be. I discover that this is a time of trial, error and premature resolutions and it’s fine to make bad decisions because with all the experience gained during this period, I will growth personally and emotionally, be more responsible and have a more advantageous and well-defined plan. With all the information absorbed in this section, I have decided that I will always to keep my goals like crystal clear and know very well my values and beliefs. Als o, I’m planning to keep the uncertainty and instability out of my life in order to be a more firm or strong-minded person and always do something that I enjoy and love. From my previous knowledge, I know that a good communication is very important to make connections with another person, but in this class I have acquired a larger perspective about what are the most important aspects and problems in human communication. Communication consist at least of two persons, the sender and the receiver. It’s very critical to know whether we send the right message to others. I consider myself a poor receiver because sometimes IShow MoreRelatedThe Changes That I Experienced While Being in the University of Phoenix1561 Words   |  6 PagesSenior year Introduction This paper will highlighted my personal beliefs that I had before I started at the University of Phoenix. Hence, the paper will be an evolutionary analysis of the changes that have taken place in my beliefs thus my personality after I joined the university. By the help of compilation of this paper, I will be able to learn and document the changes that have taken place in my personality. 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They have always been considered imperatives in the ministry of touching lives. The talk of Fr. John J. Markey, OP on October 12, 2015, at the Catholic Theological Union auditorium had highlighted essential insights and realizations regarding mission and culture in the culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Dr. Galindo s The Hidden Lives Of Congregation 1368 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching of Dr. Galindo himself, â€Å"The Hidden Lives of Congregation† (especially chapter 9) ,Genograms as a visual practice, my colleagues as critical and encouraging coaches, experiential learning outside of the classroom (ah-ha moments), and the final reflection paper. I included my reading, experiential, and reflection as a part of social because it help formulate how I responded to my peers in our classroom setting. 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Shooting An Elephant Essay - 1374 Words

The story that my evaluation will be based on is Shooting an Elephant written in 1936. The author George Orwell was born in 1903 in India to a British officer raised in England. He attended Eton College, which introduced him to England’s middle and upper classes. He was denied a scholarship, which led him to become a police officer for the Indian Imperial in 1922. He served in Burma until resigning in 1927 due to the lack of respect for the justice of British Imperialism in Burma and India. He was now determined to become a writer, so at the brink of poverty he began to pay close attention to social outcasts and laborers. This led him to write Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) during the Spanish Civil War. He embodied his hate for†¦show more content†¦As he walked on to locate the elephant the realization that the whole town was watching and waiting for him to make his move was very apparent. The officer came across the elephant eating in a clearing and felt at ease that the animal was finished with his path of destruction. He glanced around him and realized that he would be forced to kill the animal. The town’s people disliked him greatly, but with a weapon and the ability to kill the wild beast the quickly changed their opinion about the officer. Although the elephant was harmless at this point, the officer fell into the trap of peer pressure and felt obligated to terminate the animal’s life. He walked as close to the elephant as he could without startling it and pulled the trigger. George Orwell then goes on to describe in great detail the horrible death that the elephant experienced. I liked the message of this story, but I did not care for the way that the author chose to present it. The message was very clear in that there was a common problem between people in general and certain races in the mid-thirties. The message was that even though peers may expect something of them it is not always the right thing to do. This i s displayed in the paragraph at the top of page 683 and continues until the middle of the page. The main character mentions right before he shoots the elephant the first time that quot;Show MoreRelated Shooting an Elephant1601 Words   |  7 PagesOrwell spent the next twenty years as a writer; the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† set in the Burma of the 1920s and written in 1936, is one of his most famous works. In the early twentieth century, Burma was still a colony of Britain but anti-imperialism protests and social movements developed very fast, causing â€Å"great tension between Burmese, Indians and English, between civilians and police† (Meyers 56). Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is based on this historical tension. 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The prejudice throughout the book was unimaginable, I find I am uncomfortable with any kind of bigotry. Reading of the Burmese people and their disrespect toward someone who was there to â€Å"protect and serve†, was difficult. I suppose I am naà ¯ve, I try to hold on to the belief that people of God are inherently good. I know there are bad apples in all walks of life, bad people areRead MoreShooting An Elephant By George Orwell1670 Words   |  7 Pageseventually caused me to comply. In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell, Orwell faced a similar dilemma. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is an essay that depicts Orwell’s conflictions about shooting a rampaging elephant while he served as an Imperial policeman in Burma during British colonial rule. In his essay, Orwell describes the difficult decision of whether or not to shoot the elephant and why he made his decision. Although he did not initially want to shoot the elephant, the social pressure of being surroundedRead MoreShooting an Elephant by George Orwell 884 Words   |  4 Pageshuddled in the corner in a state of shock with blood marks on his head and back. However, as I inspected the parakeets back closer, I saw that in fact the blood was flesh from the base of the wing which was missing. Similarly, like Orwell in Shooting an Elephant, I did not know what to do in the situation but I had to find a solution (pg.230). I did not have a clue how to treat an injured bird or if I should figure out first what and how the incident happened. The parakeet was bleeding heavily andRead MoreShooting an Elephant Literary Analysis895 Words   |  4 Pagesstory â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† demonstrates the total dangers of the unlimited authority a state has and the astounding presentment of â€Å"future dystopia†. In the story, Orwell finds himself to be in an intricate situation that involves an elephant. Not only does the fate of the elephant’s life lie in Orwell’s hands, he has an audience of people behind him cheering him on, making his decision much more difficult to make. Due to the vast crowd surrounding his thoughts, Orwell kills the elephant in theRead MoreThe Feminine Mystique And Shooting An Elephant898 Words   |  4 PagesBoth The Feminine Mystique and â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† discuss the confrontation between the self and society. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan addresses â€Å"The Problem That Has No Name† referring to the widespread unhappiness of the housewife due to their obligation to uphold their ideal image rather than pursuing their dreams; in â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, George Orwell comments on the societal expectations of imperialism and its effects on people who have the duty to uphold the law. 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Nigerian Diaspora And The African Diaspora - 1256 Words

I am a part of the Nigerian diaspora, one of the millions of Nigerians living in a foreign nation. I moved to the United States at the age of 8 and since then, the Nigerian culture I had known and brought with me has changed and adapted to the dominant culture of the USA. Many Nigerian families and communities abroad are faced with the same internal struggle of holding onto their traditional cultural values, while ensuring enough adaptation into the dominant culture. Due to the diversity of nations Nigerian migrants have settled in, the end result, a hyphenated Nigerian identity, differs greatly across continents and countries. Through the Frances L. Phillips scholarship, I would like the opportunity to explore the Nigerian diaspora communities in 6 different Western Europe countries and how these communities have shifted and adapted due to the dominant culture in the countries. I would like to explore the diaspora communities in in Italy, Ireland, The Netherlands, Austria, France and Belgium. These six countries are the top European destinations for Nigerian migrants, excluding the United Kingdom. While in these countries, I hope to discover the changes that have occurred to surface cultural attributes such as food, and attire. How have traditional Nigerian meals and dishes been recreated and fused with the popular staples/dishes of the particular country I am in? Other questions and topics I hope to explore are how is traditional Nigerian fashion integrated into theShow MoreRelatedExploring The Similarities And Differences Theories On Diaspora1727 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Similarities and Differences in Theories on Diaspora Jacqueline Brown describes a conversation she had with a cousin of hers during a family reunion. She asked her cousin, who was in her sixties, to describe what her life was like as a black person living in Holland. Her cousin’s shocking reply implied that the migration of poor and uneducated post-independence Surinamers caused the Dutch racism against the Black people among them. Her cousin, who had migrated before Surinam becameRead MoreThes Influence On Their Home State1906 Words   |  8 Pages4. How Diasporas Engage their Home State Diasporas can influence their home states in three primary manners. First, diaspora use remittances to a) help and to influence family, religious and ethnic members and interest groups and b) to a lesser and more recent degree, influence the state in particular ways. Second, diaspora engage in home state political party mobilization in order to influence home state politics and economics. 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Culture is a noun like change or habits showing the origins behaviors, physical, social and cultural developing the human way of life. Anthropologist studied prehistoric people and their culture throughout Africa. In this area, the Anthropologists referred to the Colonial government toRead MoreFinding Coverage at Rutgars University Essay619 Words   |  3 Pagesam a Black woman from America; a fact initially despised, I learned to embrace it my later school years. Being Black but culturally American comes with its own values and struggles outside of those from the larger group of descendants from the African Diaspora. I came to understand, while growing up without defined racial and cultural lines it made me more susceptible to the negative aspects of defining yourself. It left me confused, searching, and needing that THING to demarcate me from every otherRead MorePan Africanism1731 Words   |  7 PagesPan-Africanism and the Organization of African Unity      Pan Africanism Definition Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical worldview, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify both native Africans and those of the African Diaspora, as part of a global African community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. 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My Trip to El Salvador Essay Example For Students

My Trip to El Salvador Essay One of my favorite things to do in life is travel. Its an incredible way to learn about other cultures, meet new people, and broaden your horizons. One of the cultures that I was able to experience in a recent trip was the Salvadorian culture, my husband’s homeland. I didnt know quite what to expect. I did expect Salvadorian life to be somewhat different. However, I was surprised at just how different it was. Traveling to another country has given me a new perspective on a different culture in relations to mine. It was August, 2010 when we took our family trip to my husbands homeland. It was my first time visiting El Salvador and I was very nervous and scare. I had heard a lot of different rumors about El Salvador and didnt know what to believe. My husband did not know much either since he had grown up in the states. This was his first time going back since childhood. The only thing he could remember about El Salvador was, that it was extremely hot and the temperatures reached about 100 degrees or more. The flight was quite relaxing, we didnt have too much turbulence and we were able to get to El Salvador in about 3 hours. As the airplane was making its approach I remember looking through the window and witnessing an incredible view. It was a sunny day with bright blue skies, and the scenery looked like it was out of a tourist guide. I could even see some clouds gathering at the top of a mountain in the distance. It actually turned out to be a volcano called â€Å"El Volcan de San Vicente†. When the plane finally came to a stop the captain announced over the intercom, â€Å" Bienvenidos a San Salvador†. As I got out of the airplane and stepped into the jetway the first thing I felt was a wave of warm air and the smell of fresh soil; that reminded me of a strawberry farm I once visited in Florida. As we walked through the airport to get our luggage, I began to notice how much different this place was from what I was use to. We were then greeted by my husband’s uncle Jonathan, and we were shortly on the road on our way to my husband’s uncle’s house. The drive to the house took about 45 minutes, it was located right outside the city of Zacatecoluca. On our ride to the house we got to see most of the cultural differences. The first thing I noticed was how other drivers had no regard for the speed limits or road signs posted, and cops never stopped them or bothered to care. Nowhere in the United States would that ever be tolerated. There was also a lot of people that traveled by foot, and I noticed that they were all dressed differently. Most of the women wore long colorful skirts and the men mainly wore pants rather than shorts, which I found strange since it was so hot. As we were driving I could see that most of the roads were made of dirt and what looked to be pavers. As we continued to drive, we also got to drive by an outdoor market, where I saw things like raw meat, fruits, vegetables, and live stock for sale. It reminded me of a swap meets where people have their own little stands and are selling all sorts of things. I also remember asking myself how they were able to preserve the raw meat without refrigeration, since it was out in the open heat. Sincerely, I would not buy any meat here. Things like this would not be considered sanitary conditions back home. When we arrived to my husband’s uncle’s house, there were a lot of his family members and their neighbors waiting to greet us. It caught my attention how courteous they all were, offering us native treats and drinks. They were all so nice and I felt like I was very loved and welcomed by people I have never met before. .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .postImageUrl , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:hover , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:visited , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:active { border:0!important; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:active , .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56 .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc3f941110f0579e586bbabd12cc7c56:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spiritual Healing EssayOnce I settled in, I was able to take a look around the house, I was surprised to see that the layout was unlike any I had ever seen before. The kitchen and the bathroom were pretty much in the backyard, instead of being on the inside. I had never needed to go outside to use the bathroom before, other than when I‘ve gone camping. I found this to be very strange and a little bit scary when I had to use the bathroom or I had to get a cup of water, in the middle of the night. It took me a while to get use to it, it made me miss having the comforts from back home. One of the things that I did not miss about being in the states, was the fact that they had a maid to help them with making food and the cleaning of the house. She was an old lady who was such a kind and caring person, and she made the best â€Å"Pescado Envuelto en Huevo†. This was a fish which was dipped in egg batter and then fried, it was delicious. During my trip, I was able to witness and experience the Salvadorian culture which was surprisingly very different from the culture I am use to in the United States. The way they dressed was different from what I worn and have seen, the manner in which they shopped for groceries at the market seemed unsanitary, and their method of driving on the roads was different from back in the States. I think it would be very interesting to see someone from El Salvador get to experience our culture and how we do things differently in the United States. Experiencing another culture was a great experience for me, where I got to witnessed someone elses way of life.

Utility theory free essay sample

This means the second derivative is O i. e. no penalty for risk A risk seeking individual will take the gamble I. . The increase in utility with a rise in wealth exceeds the utility experienced from avoiding a decrease in wealth and thus the curve is convex in wealth and the second derivative is positive i. e. a premium is paid for risk -To summarize this: -We assume that: Are risk-averse Maximize their expected utility of wealth Prefer more wealth to less Have diminishing marginal utility of wealth Absolute and Relative Risk Aversion -Absolute risk aversion refers to the change in amount invested in risky assets as earth changes. If the investor increases the amount in risky assets as wealth increases then they exhibit decreasing absolute risk aversion and etc. -It is found by: . The derivative indicates how absolute risk aversion changes as wealth U'(W) changes and generally we assume decreasing -Relative risk aversion refers to the change in the percentage investment in risky assets as wealth changes and is found by: =W A(W). We will write a custom essay sample on Utility theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The derivative indicates how relative risk aversion changes as wealth U'(W) changes and there is no consensus on this point Utility functions used to describe investor behavior -The most commonly used functional forms for risk aversion are: Logarithmic: -The quadratic function leads to mean variance analysis being optimum. It is consistent with investors who reduce the dollar amount invested in risky assets as wealth increases and increasing relative risk aversion i. e. increasing ARA and RRA -The log function can be used for risk-averse investors who prefer more to less and whose percentage invested in risky assets remains constant i. e. creasing ARA and RRA is constant -The purpose of these is to quantify the level of utility associated with different wealth. The advantage of the quadratic form is that the c can measure the investors risk aversion Utility and the Investment Horizon -The certainty equivalent is the certain value that makes you indifferent between taking and not taking a gamble -For log utility investors for all classes of utility functions that display constant RRA for multiplicative inv estments the horizon will not affect choice. An exception to this is when returns are correlated e. g. go down after a rise. In this case risky investments are more attractive in the long-run -Scholars have pointed out that time-indifference with uncorrelated returns depends on extreme aversion to large losses Prospect Theory (Tversky and Kahneman theory) -Prospect theory models choice in terms of gains or losses where loss-averse individuals make their decisions with respect to a particular reference points with individuals found to weight losses more heavily and do not weight probability in a in ear faction -Prospect theory uses the product of a subjective value function and non-linear probability weighting in modeling individual choice and the prospects associated with different choices